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Establishments that produce, import, or export fertilizers, as well as the products themselves, must be registered with MAPA. The Ministry also maintains a register of pesticides (AGROFIT), which incorporates relevant information from the Ministries of Health and Environment.

Exports of some products are prohibited for reasons of environmental protection and compliance with international agreements. Exports of some organic chemicals (included in HS Chapter 29) to non-signatories of the Montreal Protocol are prohibited. Exports of wood in the rough (HS 4403) are generally suspended unless certain conditions are met, and require the approval of the Brazilian Institute of the Environmentand Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA)

Exports of certain wood (pine, imbuia, and virola) are subject to specific rules and require prior authorization from the IBAMA. Exports of mahogany, Brazil wood , and cedar require CITES permission, which is issued by the IBAMA. Exports of jacaranda from Bahia (HS 4407.29.90) are subject to special rules on the grounds that this wood is becoming extinct . Normative Instruction No. 77 of 7 December 2005 establishes the procedures for exporting wood products and sub-products, including pine, imbuia, and virola.Exports of rough diamonds require a Kimberley Certificate.

Exports of a relatively large number of products require prior authorization from the relevant government agencies, mainly for safety, health, security, or environmental reasons, or when they are subject to export quotas. As at 30 December 2010 (latest information available), the list included some 1,055 tariff headings at the HS eight-digit level (HS 2007), representing around 10% of all tariff headings and involving 53 HS Chapters. 249 Products subject to prior export authorization are mainly organic and inorganic chemicals (55% of the products), pharmaceuticals, wood products, some vehicles and aircraft, mineral fuels, fish and crustaceans, raw hides and skins, arms and ammunition, and live animals. Wild animal leather products are subject to authorization from IBAMA on grounds of native fauna protection

Incentives and government assistance are available in various configurations, with programmes administered at both the federal and sub-federal levels. Incentive programmes may be regional, aimed at developing research, or targeted at specific sectors. Most initiatives seek to promote entrepreneurship, technological and infrastructure upgrades, innovation, exports (section 3.3.4), energy efficiency, and regional development.

In April 2012, the INPI started the Pilot Programme of Priority Examination of " Green Patents", which fast-tracks patent applications filed in Brazil via the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, with an application date from 2 January 2011, by residents or non-residents. The number of applications is limited to 500, based on a first-requests-considered-apt criterion determined after an analysis by a Technical Commission. The Programme was scheduled to last one year but was extended. The programme of fast-tracks patent applications related to: (i) alternative energy; (ii) transport; (iii) preservation of energy; (iv) waste management; and (v) agriculture.

Plant Variety Protection Law No. 9,456 of 25 April 1997- New plant varieties and derived plant varieties of any genus or species.

Plant Variety Protection Law No. 9,456 of 25 April 1997 protects new plant varieties and derived plant varieties of any genus or species;. The law guarantees the property right to any natural or legal person obtaining a new plant variety or essentially derived variety. The term of protection is 15 years from the grant of a certificate except for vines, fruit trees, forest, trees, and ornamental trees, including the mother graft thereof, for which the term is 18 years. Plant varieties may be subject to compulsory licences for three-year periods, renewable .

Federal Government agricultural credit programmes administered by the BNDES, harvest year 2011/12- Programme to Strengthen Household Agriculture (PRONAF) -
Provides credit to small-scale producers with annual income up to R$160,000 per family. The BNDES operates six credit lines under this programme, focusing on: agri-industry; women; organic and agri- ecological production systems; environmental technologies; productivity increase; and debt restructuring.

Federal Government agricultural credit programmes administered by the BNDES, harvest year 2011/12- Programme for the Modernization of Agriculture and the Conservation of Natural Resources (MODERAGRO)