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4.54. The contractor is required to establish its head office in Chad and maintain its accounts there. It must also take out sufficient insurance policies to cover its activities against risks (including environmental risks) and demonstrate financial capacity to cover such risks. These insurance policies are contracted in accordance with Chadian law and practices currently in force in the oil industry.

4.71. The Government's aim is to expand access to electricity to 5% of the population by 2015. A number of initiatives are currently under way:
(a) (...);
(c) implementation of a solar power electrification project, the pilot phase of which is currently being implemented in about 20 localities in the Doba oilfield zone;
(d) launch of an electrification project at five rural sites based on mini solar power plants; the tender is currently in the process of being awarded; and
(e) actions to obtain financing for an interconnection project with Cameroon.

4.72. At the institutional level, Chad has created an Agency for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (ATSRN), and a Renewable Energies Development Agency (ADER). A draft Electricity Code is currently being approved.

4.76. Approved in 2003, the Water and Sanitation Master Plan (SDEA) forms the operational framework for implementing the Government's water policy. It aims to sustainably improve access to drinking water and sanitation, and to promote rational and fair use of pastoral and agricultural water resources. (...)Water production by STE depends on energy availability. As in the electricity sector, the distribution network is obsolete and has not undergone a major extension for decades.

4.99. Chad's tourist attractions include the sand dunes and mountains in the Saharan zone, prehistoric remains, thermal sources, lakes (particularly those of Ounianga), rock paintings, volcanic craters, national parks (Zakouma, Manda and Sena Oura) and the Mayo Kebbi wildlife reserve. The Ounianga lakes have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since July 2008. Tourism is underdeveloped, however.

European companies are world leaders in providing the infrastructure that many emerging countries need to take them to the next stage of development – whether in transport, sanitation, environmental services, logistics, telecoms or oil and gas exploration. Importing such products from Europe is a short-cut to a more advanced economy.

For environmental services the most notable trade development is the ongoing reform of the legislative framework for concessions in order to ensure more transparency and more competition.

The Single Market remains the European Union's most important vehicle for growth and job creation. Modernising and deepening the Single Market is a continuous exercise as the Single Market must respond to a constantly changing world where social and demographic challenges, new technology and imperatives, such as climate change must be incorporated in policy thinking. 

The Lisbon Treaty describes common commercial policy as an integral part of the EU's overall external action. The EU's trade policy is required to address developmental, environmental and social objectives, and contribute to the objectives set out in the Treaty on the European Union, including development and consolidation of democracy and the rule of law, and respect of human rights.

The European Commission's proposals aim to strengthen the competitiveness and the sustainabilityof European agriculture and maintain its presence in all regions of the European Union, in order to guarantee European citizens healthy and quality food production, to preserve the environment and to help develop the European Union's rural areas. The future policy will continue the shift towards market orientation, building on the progress achieved through previous CAP reforms over the past twenty years. The decoupled direct payments will remain the core of CAP spending and the role of market measures will not go beyond providing safety-net for farmers in crisis situations.