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3.56. Export and re export licensing procedures have been abolished since 1995. In general, theonly quantitative restrictions and controls in force on exports are those derived from the treaties to which Chad is party (Basel Convention, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the Chemical Weapons Convention, and the Treaty on the Non Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons).

4.5. The Government's policy objective is to modernize crop farming and livestock breeding to guarantee long term food security. This policy is translated into actions in the National Food Security Programme (PNSA). Launched in 2007, the Programme has the following specific objectives: to increase crop, animal and fisheries production through the introduction of new production, processing and conservation technologies; to implement and strengthen the mechanism for monitoring, early warning and rapid response in the event of a threat to food security; to increase the quantity, quality and availability of food products; and to help to raise the incomes of rural population groups. PNSA activities only really began in 2009 and the various actions had cost the State nearly CFAF 68 billion by June 2012 (Table 4.2).

Table 4.2 Main PNSA achievements, 2005 to June 2012
Sub programme and investments undertaken / Main activities and achievements
Exploitation of basic natural resources (CFAF 35.9 billion) / Preparation of 9,400 hectares of hydro agricultural land, Construction and refurbishing of dams, Drilling and refurbishment of grazing wells and Supply of manual pumps
Support measures (CFAF 3.8 billion) / Recruitment of agricultural advisers and tractor drivers, Financing of the renewable energy project

4.33. With support from the European Commission, in February 2010 Chad launched the Gum Arabic Sector Support Programme (PAFGA). Planned to last three years, the PAFGA aims to organize the sector more effectively, enhance the quality of the gum produced, and increase production, while ensuring sustainable resource use.

The Ministry of the Environment and Fishery Resources is responsible for formulating, coordinating, implementing and following up government policy relating to the environment and fishery resources .

4.35. The conservation and management of fish and aquaculture resources are governed by Law No. 014/PR/2008 of 10 June 2008 establishing the forestry, fauna and fisheries regime. Under this law, the exercise of fishing activities requires a fishing permit, for which there are two categories: category A, reserved for nationals, and category B for foreigners. The fishing permit is valid for a renewable one year period and is issued following payment of a fee set at CFAF 12,500 for nationals, and CFAF 75,000 for foreigners.

4.37. The Fisheries Development Project (PRODEPÊCHE) is a tool of government policy in this sector. Launched in 2006, it aims to sustainably improve living standards for participants through capacity building, development and rational management of fish resources, and marketing support.

4.39. The forestry management and conservation regime is contained in Law No. 014/PR/08 of 10 June 2008 establishing the forestry, fauna and fisheries regime. This Law supplements Law No. 14/PR/98 of 17 August 1998 defining general principles of environmental protection. The goal of government policy is to make use of these resources for development and poverty reduction, while conserving their biological diversity.

4.40. Under the Law, any commercial exploitation of forests is subject to the payment of charges and taxes. The Law envisages incentive measures for reforestation. Forest area concessions may be granted for up to 20 hectares for private individuals and 100 ha for companies, and may be agreed upon with individuals or companies subject to reforestation or regeneration requirements.

4.49. Since the previous TPR, the regulatory framework applicable to hydrocarbons related activities was revised substantially by Law No. 006/PR/2007 of 2 May 2007 in relation to hydrocarbons, and by the 2010 ordinance amending this. These laws cover activities relating to oil and gas prospecting and exploitation, and the refining and distribution of oil products, as well as related works and installations. They also contain rules on environmental protection.