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In order to place environmental activities on a permanent basis, a special fund for the environment was set up by Law No. 014/PR/98 of 17 August 1998 which lays down the general principles of environmental protection. The modalities for the establishment and operation of this fund were set out in Decree No. 168/PR/PM/MERH/2012.

Chad is mindful of socio-economic and ecological difficulties and has therefore signed the Great Green Wall Convention, an initiative of the African heads of State and Government and in particular of the Community of Sahelo-Saharan States (CEN-SAD). A national agency for the Great Green Wall was set up by Order No. 04/PR/PM/MERH/2012 of 4 June 2012.

2.10. International treaties and agreements are negotiated and ratified by the President of the Republic. (...) Certain instruments, such as trade treaties and treaties or agreements concerning international organizations and the exploitation of natural resources can only be approved and ratified once they have been authorized by the National Assembly.

2.11. Rules concerning the nationalization or privatization of enterprises are legally defined. The law also specifies fundamental principles relating, in particular, to the property regime, real estate and business rights, environmental protection and the conservation of natural resources, land tenure; borrowing, saving, and credit; the transport and telecommunications regime; farming, livestock breeding, fisheries, and fauna, water and forests.

2.29. Chad considers free enterprise and private investment to be key levers of its development policy, and encourages them in its legislative and institutional arrangements. In principle, private investments are unregulated, apart from specific provisions on public health, social protection, the environment and respect for public order.

3.13. Apart from imports worth less than CFAF 2 million, the following goods are exempt from preshipment inspection: (…) live animals, fresh eggs; fruit and vegetables, recycled metals; newspapers and magazines; (…).

3.34. According to the customs authorities, Chad does not apply import prohibitions except for those provided in connection with environmental protection, and those arising from its international commitments (Table 3.3). According to the authorities, no quantitative restriction is currently in force. Import and export licensing regimes were abolished in 1995, except for sulphur and other explosives. The WTO was notified of this

Table 3.3 Products subject to import prohibition, authorization or control
Products / Measure and conditions / Reason
Non biodegradable plastic bags / Prohibition / Environmental protection
Certain products and/or equipment containing or operating with ozone depleting substances / Special authorization from the Ministry responsible for trade / Environmental protection (Montreal Protocol)
Sulphur and other explosives / Special authorization jointly issued by the Ministers responsible for trade and mining / Environmental protection
Second hand vehicles / Restrictions on the technical state and age of the vehicle / Environmental protection
Certain harmful or dangerous chemical substances / Prohibition / Environmental protection
Certain harmful or dangerous chemical substances / Restrictions (authorization, packaging and transport conditions) / Environmental protection

3.42. Under the plant protection law, anyone wishing to import plant material or products liable to be carriers of organisms that could harm plants or have an effect on crops, whether for commercial or professional reasons, must obtain prior authorization to engage in the activity. The products in question must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued by the official department in the country of origin, and drawn up according to the model of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). Upon entry into Chadian territory, the products (including those in transit) undergo phytosanitary control.

3.43. The control is carried out by officials of the Department of Plant Protection and Packaging (DPVC), a unit of the Ministry responsible for agriculture. To fulfil its brief, the DPVC has 15 phytosanitary control posts distributed along the country's borders. On completion of the control, products presenting a danger for plant materials, the environment, humans or animals, can either be subjected to a disinfection measure, or else rejected or destroyed, depending on the seriousness of the risk. A fee is charged by the DPVC.