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In 2008, the Fishing Quota Law was adopted. This regulates the exploitation of anchovy and white anchovy resources, provided that they are intended for indirect human consumption, that is to say, for manufacturing fishmeal.

In 2012, Peru notified to the WTO two programmes for promoting aquaculture and small-scale fishing. Beneficiaries of the aquaculture promotion and development programme are eligible for a preferential 15% rate of income tax rate up to 31 December 2013. Moreover, through the National FisheriesDevelopment Fund (FONDEPES), natural or legal persons engaged in aquaculture or small-scale maritime or continental fishing may obtain loans and financial support at preferential rates, which in 2013 ranged from 3% to 7% depending on the fishing activity and the amount of the loan.

Mining is a cornerstone for the Peruvian economy: it contributes about 5% to GDP, accounts for about 20% of fiscal revenues, is an important source of employment, generates almost two-thirds of export revenues, and is one of the main targets of FDI inflows. Production of basic metals (copper, zinc, molybdenum, iron and lead) and precious metals like gold and silver has declined in recent years partly due to the postponement of some new mining projects because of fears about their environmental impact. 

However, some mining projects have been suspended, such as the Conga gold mine in Cajamarca, the largest in the country and valued at almost US$5 billion, owing among other things to public opposition, prompted by fears of the environmental impact of the project on the region.

Under the General Law on Mining there are no limitations on foreign capital participation in mineral exploration, exploitation or processing projects, but exploration and exploitation require a mining concession.The mining concession does not bestow a surface right and a land use permit is required before any kind of mining activity can be carried out. Moreover, environmental impact assessments have to be approved for exploration, exploitation and ore processing activities, among others. Surveying, prospecting and marketing are activities that can be carried out without the need for a concession from the State.

The formulation of mining policy is the responsibility of the Ministry of Energy and Mining. Mining policy seeks to update the mining regulations so as to ensure legal stability for investment, while improving the conditions for private investment; to boost the development of mining activities with better safety conditions for the workers and for society, while protecting the environment and maintaining harmonious relations with the community; and to reinforce supervision.

The Supervisory Authority for Investment in Energy and Mining (OSINERGMIN) is the public body with national responsibility for supervising and monitoring compliance with the legal and technical provisions relating to mining, electricity and hydrocarbons. It is also responsible for monitoring the safety of the infrastructure associated with these activities. Since 2010, the environmental regulations have been supervised, monitored and enforced by the Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Service (OEFA) of the Ministry of the Environment.

Another constraint on the sector's development is inefficient water management due to factors such as seepage from canals, poor maintenance of the irrigation infrastructure, the excessive use of water resources and the loss of reservoirs through sedimentation

In 2008, the National Water Authority (ANA) was set up to serve as the governing body and highest technical and regulatory authority of the General Water Resources Management System. The ANA, which is attached to MINAGRI, is charged with administering, conserving, protecting and sustainably developing the water resources of the country's various basins.

National Water Authority (ANA) Administers, conserves and protects water resources in the catchment basins to ensure their sustainable development