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(...) ANZTEC (Agreement between New Zealand and the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu on Economic Cooperation) also includes an Indigenous Cooperation Chapter, reflecting the unique connection between TPKM's indigenous people and New Zealand Māori. There are also chapters on Trade and Labour and Trade and Environment, including immediate liberalization of 132 products deemed to support green growth and sustainable development objectives.

The ANZTEC (Agreement between New Zealand and the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu on Economic Cooperation) provides for liberalization of trade in goods, services and investment between the two markets. It also contains provisions on government procurement, trade and labour, and trade and environment.

All support provided to agriculture in New Zealand falls under the WTO Agreement on Agriculture "green box" classification which covers programmes which are minimally or non-trade distorting. Support is provided through expenditures on agricultural research and innovation, and biosecurity controls for pests and diseases. (...)

As trade in agricultural products is a significant contributor to New Zealand's economy, its interest in clear and effective rules extends to measures to protect human, plant, and animal health and life. The maintenance of a robust quarantine system remains vital to ensuring human, plant, and animal health and life in New Zealand. Accordingly, prior to the importation of any good determined to be a risk good, New Zealand undertakes a risk analysis and, in accordance with WTO requirements and obligations, establishes measures that are based on science and commensurate with the risk posed by the particular good. New Zealand recognises that this approach is resource-intensive, and accordingly contributes to trade-related capacity building in developing countries, to assist them to meet relevant biosecurity requirements.

New Zealand's main SPS legislation, i.e. the Biosecurity Act 1993 and the Animal Products Act 1999, has not been significantly amended during the review period.

Under Section 24A of the Biosecurity Act 1993, New Zealand issues Import Health Standards (IHS), which are documents that state the requirements to be met before risk goods can be imported under the Biosecurity Act.

(...) Relatively stringent SPS measures are applied to imports of plant and animal products for biosecurity reasons. (...)

A risk good is any organism, organic material, or any other substance that, by reason of its nature, origin, or other relevant factors may: (a) cause unwanted harm to natural and physical resources or human health in New Zealand; or (b) interfere with the diagnosis, management, or treatment, in New Zealand, of pests or unwanted organisms. In practice, the nature of the good (e.g. plant or animal material) and/or a history of regular interceptions of organisms on a particular product (e.g. inanimate objects) may be the basis for determining that the product is a risk good and therefore requires an import health standard to enable its importation.

Risk goods cannot be cleared for entry into New Zealand unless the risks posed by the goods have been assessed and can be effectively managed. Any risk good that does not meet the biosecurity requirements for import (set out in an import health standard), or which have not been assessed, will not be cleared for entry to New Zealand. Risk goods require a risk analysis to be undertaken before an import health standard can be issued and goods cleared under it.

(...) Risk analysis is the first stage in the development of HIS (Import Health Standards). It involves the identification of potential pests and diseases associated with a product, the likelihood of entry and establishment in New Zealand and the potential impacts on the economy, the environment and human health in New Zealand. (...)