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The promotion of small scale fishing is a main pillar of Chilean economic development policy. To this end, there are areas exclusively reserved for this activity and a fraction of all global quotas is reserved for small scale fishing. In general, the first five nautical miles of the territorial waters and catching fish from Chile's beaches and in its inland waters are reserved for small scale fishing. However, subject to a technical report from the appropriate Zonal Fishing Council, industrial vessels may carry out fishing operations in regions reserved for small scale fishing in order to exploit specific resources. The extraction of hydrobiological resources from inland waters is reserved exclusively for small scale fishermen.

In order to promote small scale fishing, the Small Scale Fishing Promotion Fund has also been established. The resources of this Fund are used, among other things, for developing the infrastructure required by the sector; training small scale fishermen; and the replenishment of the hydrobiological resources exploited by small scale fishermen and their artificial cultivation. According to the information provided by the authorities, the Fund's budget for 2009 2014 was Ch$4,500 million. There is also a series of other fishery promotion programmes (Table A4.2)

Table A4. 2 Fishery support programmes, 2009 2014
Programme/Description Disbursement Regulatory framework
Volvamos a la mar
Subsidy for the replacement or repair of small scale fishing vessels in regions affected by the earthquake and tsunami of 27 February 2010. 25% of the cost was financed, with a ceiling of 2.1 million pesos per beneficiary. Implemented in 2010 only. Total amount disbursed: 4,623 million pesos Supreme Decree No. 150 of 27 February 2010

Support for divers
Subsidy for the replacement or repair of semi autonomous diving equipment with a view to reactivating the production activities of small scale fishermen affected by the earthquake and subsequent tsunami. Implemented in 2010 only. Total amount disbursed: 232 million pesos Supreme Decree No. 150 of 27 February 2010

Support for crews
Subsidy for the replacement of fishing gear with a view to reactivating the production activities of small scale fishermen affected by the earthquake and subsequent tsunami. Total amount disbursed: 202 million pesos Supreme Decree No. 150 of 27 February 2010

Fisheries Administration Fund (FAP)
Finances fishery and aquaculture research projects through 5 work streams: (a) small scale fisheries promotion and development; (b) training, re training, and social support for displaced workers; (c) research into, and promotion, development, administration, surveillance and monitoring of, recreational fishing activities; (d) monitoring and administration of fishery activities; and (e) promotion of marine product consumption. Annual disbursements (million pesos): 2010: 4,518.6; 2011: 4,318.4; 2012: 5,583.9; 2013: 5,992.7; 2014: 8,926.5 Article 173 of Law No 18.892, General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture

National project competition
Non repayable financing for projects aimed at promoting and developing small scale fisheries in the Valparaíso region. More than 2,042 million pesos disbursed in 2011 and 2012. Application requirements

Programme on non conventional renewable energy (NCRE) in support of small scale fishery productivity
Funding to provide clean energy for production facilities and processes in coves used by small scale fishermen. 58.04 million pesos Exempt Resolution No. 3.452 2013
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Like industrial fishing, small scale fishing is strictly regulated in Chile. Thus, by means of an Undersecretariat resolution, it is possible to: (a) organize days or periods for catching fish; (b) limit the number of daily fishing trips; (c) distribute the small scale fraction of the global catch quota by region, fleet or size of vessel and area; and (d) redistribute 50% of the uncaught balances at the end of each period, by allocating those balances to another region or fishery unit included in the respective global catch quota.

Law No. 1 12 on the National Development Strategy 2030 (END 2030) and its Implementing Regulations were adopted during the current legislative period through Decree No. 134 14 issued on 9 April 2014. This provided the Dominican Republic's government sector with a legislative frame of reference for coordinating its objectives and lines of action in pursuit of a development model whose conceptual design and long term vision to 2030 are set out in the following except from Article 5, Chapter II of END 2030:
"The Dominican Republic is a thriving country where people live in dignity, in accordance with ethical values and in the framework of a participatory democracy that guarantees a social and democratic State guided by the rule of law and promotes equity, equality of opportunity and social justice. The country manages and exploits its resources in order to develop in an innovative, sustainable and territorially balanced and integrated manner and participates competitively in the world economy."

The key guidelines of the Dominican Republic's medium and long term economic policy are contained in Law No. 1 12 of 25 January 2012, which establishes the National Development Strategy 2030. The authorities stated that the Strategy aims to consolidate an articulated, innovative and environmentally sustainable economy, with a production structure that generates high and sustained growth, which is sectorally and territorially articulated and competitively integrated in the global economy, and which takes advantage of local market opportunities. In addition, the Strategy fosters the use of reliable, efficient and environmentally sustainable energy, and promotes competitiveness and innovation in an environment favourable to cooperation and social responsibility. To monitor the Strategy, 30 quantitative targets were set, along with five reform commitments.

The main objectives of the Dominican Republic's trade policy continue to be to attract foreign investment into the country and to promote and strengthen its export sector. These objectives are set out in the National Development Strategy 2030, formulated in 2010 [13] (...)

[13] Article 25 of the National Development Strategy 2030, which was approved through Law No. 1 12 of 25 January 2012. The Strategy promotes the development of the Dominican Republic on the basis of four strategic pillars: (1) a social and democratic State subject to the rule of law; (2) a society with equal rights and opportunities; (3) a sustainable, integrating and competitive economy; and (4) a society with sustainable production and consumption that adapts to climate change.

(...) the country is now concluding a process of restructuring and reassessing its investment negotiation policies and its model agreement. The process was based on developments in international investment law and on the suggestions contained in UNCTAD's Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Development (IPFSD).

Of its five regional agreements, only the one signed with Panama covers merchandise trade alone. The other four encompass trade in goods and services, and also address issues such as intellectual property, government procurement, the environment, and dispute settlement. Other provisions included in some of these four agreements deal with e commerce, the environment, and competition policy (Table 2.2).

Table 2.2 Topics covered by the regional agreements signed by the Dominican Republic
Chapters/topics CAFTA DR CARIFORUM EU DR CA CARICOM Panama
Environment Yes Yes N/A N/A
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