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As a general rule, for both imported and domestic products, compliance with technical regulations is verified after the products have been placed on the market. Nevertheless, for the import of certain products, mostly foodstuffs, beverages, medicines, weapons, radioactive substances, electrical goods and fuels, verification takes place at the border. In most cases, conformity assessment is the responsibility of bodies accredited by the INN, although in some cases, the ministry or government authority that issued the technical regulation performs the inspection using its own infrastructure. (...)

The aim of the Government led tax reform is to improve redistributive justice through a more progressive system of raising taxes that will be earmarked chiefly for educational reform. Chile will move closer to the taxation structures currently in place in the OECD countries while ensuring at the same time that the economy grows in a more socially and environmentally balanced way.

The changes introduced by the tax reform cover six areas: (i) changes to income taxation; (ii) taxation of the real estate market; (iii) stamp duties; (iv) environmental taxes; (v) corrective taxes (tobacco, alcoholic beverages and non alcoholic beverages containing added sugar); and (vi) measures to control tax evasion and avoidance. (...)

The reform introduces two types of environmental levies. Firstly, a tax is imposed on fixed source carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, of US$5 per tonne, and on particulate material (PM), nitrogen oxide (NOX) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions, for which the rate is calculated according to the social cost of the pollution, based on the different dispersion capacities of the pollutants and the size of the population exposed. Secondly, new light and medium sized motor vehicles are taxed in proportion to the environmental damage that the vehicle in question causes during its useful life, based on their NOX emissions, their urban yield and their sale price. (...)

The State plays a limited role in the economy, although certain strategic activities are reserved to it, such as the exploration and exploitation of lithium, oil or gas deposits located in maritime zones under national jurisdiction or in areas legally classified as important for national security, and the production of nuclear power for peaceful purposes. However, both national and foreign firms can participate in these sectors in certain circumstances, subject to presidential authorization.

The authorities impose stricter requirements for foreign investment projects in some specific sectors. Examples are the banking and financial sector, the mining sector and the fisheries sector, where the governing bodies have to prepare a report on the investment project in question for the Foreign Investment Committee. Where appropriate, the Environmental Evaluation Service (SEA) evaluates the environmental impact of projects requested.

Table 3.1 Goods which require prior control before being cleared to enter Chile, 2014
Goods requiring endorsement, certification or approval for final importation
- Goods: Enriched, fissile or radioactive elements or materials, radioactive substances, devices or tools that emit ionizing radiation
- Body responsible: Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission, Decree Min. Econ. No. 323 (O.J. 18.07.74)

- Goods: Plant products and products that may be dangerous to plants, including machinery for agricultural and forestry use, in conformity with SAG Resolution No. 2979/2001
- Body responsible: Agriculture and Livestock Service
(Art. 1 of Law No. 18.164)

- Goods: Animals or birds, products and byproducts and waste of animal or plant origin
- Body responsible: Agriculture and Livestock Service
(Art. 1 of Law No. 18.164)

- Goods: Species of wild fauna and flora protected by CITES
- Body responsible: Administrative authority as defined in Article IX of the Convention

- Goods: Wastage and waste of batteries and accumulators; waste of zinc, lead, antimony, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, pharmaceutical products or organic solvents
- Body responsible: Ministry of Health Sanitary Code (DFL No. 725/1968), Exempt Resolution No. 714/2002 of the Ministry of Health

Chile imposes some import prohibitions in order to protect the environment and human, animal and plant health, as prescribed in the country's legislation and its international commitments. The prohibitions apply irrespective of the origin of the goods. Chile prohibits imports of used vehicles and motorcycles, as well used and retreaded tyres (except for wheel mounted tyres). According to the authorities, the prohibition remains in force for road safety reasons and to protect health and the environment. Some products are not subject to this prohibition. The import of used tyres is prohibited in order to prevent introduction of the aedes albopictus mosquito into Chile, which transmits diseases such as dengue and yellow fever.

Pursuant to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Chile prohibits the import of animals or plants in danger of extinction. It prohibits the import of toxic and hazardous waste pursuant to the Basel Convention and of ozone depleting controlled substances and products containing CFCs in accordance with the Montreal Protocol (Annexes A, B and Group II in Annex C).

In Chile, only importers of ozone depleting substances are subject to registration requirements in order to ensure compliance with international commitments under the Montreal Protocol (on the control of such substances). [5] Nevertheless, if the f.o.b. value of imports exceeds US$1,000, the importer must use the services of a customs agent for inward clearance of the goods. Customs agents must be Chilean citizens and accredited by the National Director of Customs.

[5] The National Customs Service is responsible for administering the Register of Importers and Exporters of Ozone Depleting Substances (Exempt Resolution No. 5.630 of 17 October 2007).