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Sustainable technologies are a priority sector in Canada's Global Markets Action Plan and, as such, Canada is seeking to further liberalize trade in this area, notably in the context of the plurilateral initiative for a WTO Environmental Goods Agreement. The sustainable technologies sector includes both environmental goods and services. The Canadian sustainable technologies sector, which is highly export intensive, is comprised of several sub-sectors: industrial processes and products, transportation, energy efficiency green buildings, recycling, recovery and remediation, water and wastewater, power generation and, energy infrastructure/smart grid (Table 4.19). In 2012, the Canadian sustainable technologies sector, which mainly includes small and medium-sized enterprises, was estimated at Can$11.3 billion, directly employed around 41,100 people and had research and development expenditures of around Can$1.143 billion.

Table 4.19 Overview of sustainable technology sub-sectors
- Sub-Sector: Industrial Processes & Products
- Description of sub-sector: Bio-based products; Emissions detection and/or control; Energy efficiency - industrial (...)
- Percent of sustainable technology industry revenues: 17
- Percent of sustainable technology industry employment: 13
- Percent of sustainable technology industry research & development: 13

- Sub-Sector: Transportation
- Description of sub-sector: Hydrogen fueling components & systems; Vehicle emissions abatement; (...)
- Percent of sustainable technology industry revenues: 16
- Percent of sustainable technology industry employment: 14
- Percent of sustainable technology industry research & development: 21

- Sub-Sector: Energy Efficiency Green Buildings
- Description of sub-sector: Building energy management; Energy use information systems; (...)
- Percent of sustainable technology industry revenues: 16
- Percent of sustainable technology industry employment: 20
- Percent of sustainable technology industry research & development: 14

- Sub-Sector: Recycling, Recovery & Remediation
- Description of sub-sector: e-waste; Hazardous waste
Industrial waste; Municipal solid & organic waste
Refrigerants; Soil remediation - non extractive
- Percent of sustainable technology industry revenues: 14
- Percent of sustainable technology industry employment: 14
- Percent of sustainable technology industry research & development: 3

- Sub-Sector: Water & Wastewater
- Description of sub-sector: Nuclear, heavy water treatment; Wastewater treatment; (...)
- Percent of sustainable technology industry revenues: 12
- Percent of sustainable technology industry employment: 10
- Percent of sustainable technology industry research & development: 7

- Sub-Sector: Power Generation
- Description of sub-sector: Bio-feedstock to heat; Co-generation (from bio-feedstock); Geothermal; Hydro (in-river, tidal, wave); Solar - Photovoltaic and Concentrator Solar Panels; Solar components & systems; Waste-to-energy (industrial, municipal waste); Wind; Wind components & systems
- Percent of sustainable technology industry revenues: 11
- Percent of sustainable technology industry employment: 12
- Percent of sustainable technology industry research & development: 9

- Sub-Sector: Energy Infrastructure/Smart Grid
- Description of sub-sector:
Advanced batteries
Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI)
Demand Response
Distributed generation & dispatch
Distribution automation & security
Energy storage (e.g. thermal, mechanical, hydrogen)
Grid asset management
Microgrids
Transmission automation & security
- Percent of sustainable technology industry revenues: 7
- Percent of sustainable technology industry employment: 8
- Percent of sustainable technology industry research & development: 9

Table A2. 1 Canada's involvement in dispute settlement cases, 1 January 2011 1 January 2015
- Subject: India – Certain Measures Relating to Solar Cells and Solar Modules
- Respondent/ complainant/ appellant: India/US
- Request for consultation received/ compliance panel established: 6-Feb-13
- Status (as at 30 October 2014): Panel established, interim report pending
- WTO document series: WT/DS456
(...)

Table A3. 1 Canadian participation in conformity assessment agreements, 2014
- Signatories: SCC and American Society for Quality National Accreditation Board (ANAB, United States), Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand (JAS-ANZ), the Japan Accreditation Board for Conformity Assessment, and Entidad Mexicana de Acreditación (Mexico)
- Instrument type: Mutual Cooperative Accreditation Arrangement (MCAA) - 2005
- Coverage: Recognition of quality and environmental management systems assessment and accreditation results.

- Signatories: SCC and other International Accreditation Forum (IAF) bodies
- Instrument type: MRA – 1998
- Coverage: Recognition of quality management system, environmental management system, and product certification body accreditations.

- Signatories: SCC and other Pacific Accreditation Co-operation (PAC) bodies
- Instrument type: MRA – 1998
- Coverage: Recognition of quality management system, environmental management system, and product certification body accreditations.

Beyond the progress made in the Doha Round on the basis of mandates, it is equally important for this forum to generate discussion of ways to provide the WTO with a renewed vision with which it can address increasingly pressing trade related issues such as climate change, renewable energy, energy security, competition and investment policy.

Chile's accession to the OECD is an important milestone for both the country itself and the region because Chile is only the second Latin American country to join the organization. It is also important because it challenges the country technically and politically to compare and enhance its public policies and then align them with international practice. Membership has enabled it to pursue institutional strengthening in legal matters and to develop high level policies in various areas including education, labour markets, financial regulation, environmental protection, reform of the State, international trade and investment. (...)

Chile has also benefited from the OECD's technical experience in supplementing its policy design procedures in a wide variety of areas such as anti corruption, the environment, education, reduction of inequalities, governance, regional development and transparency, as part of the strategy to achieve inclusive growth and economic development, and to narrow inequality gaps.

More than a decade after the entry into force of Law No. 19.300 and having taken account of one of the recommendations made by the OECD in its Environmental Performance Review of Chile in 2005, which emphasized the need to strengthen the environmental framework, Chile embarked upon a process to redesign the environmental institutions. This resulted in the enactment in January 2010 of Law No. 20.417 establishing the Ministry of the Environment, the Environmental Assessment Service and the Environmental Regulatory Authority. It also established a Council of Ministers for Sustainability and Climate Change.

The Ministry's responsibilities are to formulate and implement environmental policies and plans and to design regulations. The principal task of the Council of Ministers is to make proposals to the President of the Republic concerning sustainability policies and criteria. The Environmental Assessment Service administers the environmental assessment system and issues decisions on the environmental certification of the projects that fall within the scope of the system. The Environmental Regulatory Authority conducts inspections and imposes any relevant sanctions in the event of a failure to comply with those decisions and/or with any other environmental management instrument.

Subsequently, on 28 June 2012, Law No. 20.600 established the Environmental Courts. These courts are special judicial bodies subject to the Supreme Court whose role is to resolve environmental disputes that fall within their jurisdiction and to deal with other matters laid before them.