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Table 4.17 Selected Tourism Related Legislation of the Provinces and Territoriesa
- Province/Territory: British Colombia
- Legislation: Business Practices and Consumer Protection Act – Travel Industry Regulation
(...) Other legislation that impacts BC's tourism industry, includes: Assessment Act, British Columbia Wine Act, Commercial River Rafting Safety Act, Water Sustainability Act, Environment and Land Use Act, Environmental Assessment Act, Fisheries Act, Forest and Range Practices Act, Heritage Conservation Act, Land Act, Liquor Control and Licensing Act, Liquor Distribution Act, Motor Vehicle (All Terrain) Act, Motor Vehicle Act, Park Act, Public Health Act, and the Wildlife Act.

- Province/Territory: Northwest Territories
- Legislation: The Northwest Territories Tourism Act and Regulations (...) The Northwest Territories Wildlife Act and Regulations (...)

- Province/Territory: Saskatchewan
- Legislation: The Natural Resources Act and The Outfitter and Guide Regulations, 2004
Governs the responsibilities of hunting and angling outfitters and guides and the use thereof by non-resident hunters and anglers; and other acts and regulations also govern responsibilities of hunters/anglers and the issuance of licences, as overseen by Ministry of the Environment.

Canada has made full commitments under the GATS for environmental services, covering all the sub-sectors of sewage services, refuse disposal services, sanitation and similar services, and other environmental services. In Canada's FTAs, which generally follow a negative list approach, no restrictions were listed, and thus the FTAs reaffirm the open commitments already given in the WTO.

According to a study by Environmental Business International, Canada had an environmental market of US$23.4 billion in 2014, accounting for about 2.5% of the global environmental market, and growing at about 3% per year. Further, Canada has strong international competitiveness in consulting and engineering, remediation, and analytical environmental services, but is weaker in solid waste management, hazardous waste management, and water treatment works. In 2012, sales of environmental services in Canada amounted to Can$2.3 billion of which environmental consulting services was the largest contributor, with about 66% of total environmental services sales. Site remediation and emergency environmental services generated the remaining Can$757 million in revenue. The major export market for environmental goods and services is the United States, accounting for 78% of environmental exports of Can$748 million in 2012. The remainder was distributed amongst other international markets.

Businesses operating in Canada spent Can$9.5 billion in 2010 to protect the environment, up by 9% from 2008. Following a long-standing trend, the largest share of these expenditures was spent to deal with pollutants after they were created. The oil and gas extraction industry spent more on environmental protection than any other industry surveyed, followed by the electric power generation, transmission and distribution industry, accounting for 42% and 12% of the total expenditures for 2010, respectively. Of the Can$4.2 billion in capital expenditures made for environmental protection, the majority was for pollution abatement and control (35%) followed by pollution prevention (26%).

Table 4.18 provides a summary of the market structure of environmental services and their main characteristics.

Table 4.18 Market structure of environmental services, 2014
- Type of service: Water utilities and waste water treatment services
- Main Features:
Main regulations: Canada Water Act, International Rivers Improvement Act, Wastewater Systems Effluent Regulations
Main objectives of the regulations: Determines how waste water can be treated and disposed

- Type of service: Solid and hazardous waste management services
- Main Features:
Main regulations: Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999, Fisheries Act
Main objectives of the regulations: Determines how waste can be disposed

- Type of service: Air and noise pollution abattement services
- Main Features:
Main regulations: Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999
Main objectives of the regulations: Sets limits on pollutants

- Type of services: Remediation and nature and landscape protection (NLP) services

Regulation of environmental services in Canada falls under federal, provincial and territorial and, in some cases, municipal government jurisdiction. Various federal government departments, including Environment Canada, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Natural Resources Canada, Health Canada and Industry Canada play important roles in establishing national environmental standards, enforcing federal environmental regulations, consulting with industry stakeholders on new policies, addressing international issues and conducting critical research on the environmental services industries.

The Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999) aims at preventing pollution and protecting the environment and human health. The goal of CEPA 1999 is to contribute to sustainable development - development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. A key aspect of CEPA 1999 is the prevention and management of risks posed by toxic and other harmful substances. CEPA 1999 also manages environmental and human health impacts of products of biotechnology, marine pollution, disposal at sea, vehicle, engine and equipment emissions, fuels, hazardous wastes, environmental emergencies and other sources of pollution. In addition, CEPA 1999 provides the government with broad powers to issue a range of nationally applied regulatory and non-regulatory tools specifically for activities carried out on federal and aboriginal lands. Both the Minister of the Environment and the Minister of Health jointly administer the task of assessing and managing the risks associated with toxic substances.

Provincial and territorial governments are responsible for many of the in-the-field aspects of environmental services regulation in Canada. Provincial and territorial responsibilities include establishing provincial environmental standards; consulting with industry stakeholders; undertaking inspection, investigation and enforcement activities to ensure that environmental services firms are in compliance with environmental regulations; addressing regional environmental issues; monitoring and reporting of air, water and soil quality levels; and oversight of environmental remediation projects. In addition, provincial and territorial governments are responsible for oversight of environmental services provided at the municipal level.

Similar to the federal level, several ministries in each province and territory share responsibility for the regulation of environmental services. In Ontario, for example, regulatory authority is shared between the provincial Ministry of the Environment, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, and the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, amongst others. Harmonization of environmental services regulations across Canada is supported by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, an intergovernmental forum composed of federal, provincial and territorial ministers that seeks to collectively establish nationally consistent environmental standards, strategies and objectives so as to achieve a high level of environmental quality across the country.