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4.57. The National Mining Plan (PNM) 2030 is the actual long-term planning instrument. PNM 2050 is being prepared to be released by the end of 2022, and will set guidelines for public policies towards competitive and sustainable development for the mining sector. (...)

4.61. The process of obtaining a mining title is described in the Mining Code, Ordinance No. 155/2016 of the National Department of Mineral Production (DNPM), and Decree No. 9,406/2018. Law No. 13,540/2017 changed the distribution of the Financial Compensation for the Exploration of Mineral Resources (CFEM) as follows: (...) (iv) 0.2% to the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) (...)

4.64. (...) Inova Mineral, a joint initiative of the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) and Financing of Studies and Projects (FINEP) for the promotion and selection of investment plans that contemplate the technological development, production, and commercialization of innovative and more sustainable products, processes, and/or services in the production chains of the mining and mineral transformation industries, has been in place since 2017. (...)

4.65. In February 2022, the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) signed a cooperation agreement with the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) on proposals for the sustainable development of the mining sector. The purpose of the protocol is the combination of efforts between the MME and the BNDES to establish the basis for future and eventual cooperation between the participants, in order to study, discuss, and propose actions aimed at the development of the mining sector, including (...) environmental, social, and governance (ESG) aspects (...)

4.70. Brazil, a net exporter of crude oil since 2006, remains self-sufficient in primary energy (except for natural gas, coal, refined oil products, and hydropower). (...) The Brazilian energy matrix (or total energy demand) continued as one of the greenest in the world; in 2021, 45% (41.3% in 2015 and 44.7% in 2010) of energy came from renewable sources compared to an average of less than 15% for the rest of the world. In 2021, it consisted of (...) hydropower (11%) (...) other renewables (8.3%) (...) Solar energy capacity increased by 70% from 2020 to 2021, reaching 13 GW in installed capacity. (...)

4.71. Brazil's plan for energy expansion from 2021-31, named Ten-year Energy Expansion Plan 2030 (PDE 2030), is focused on striking a balance between the economic growth projections and the necessary expansion of energy supply, as well as ensuring energy supply at the appropriate cost and on a technical and environmentally sustainable basis. It also aims, inter alia, at raising the share of renewable sources in the energy and electricity generation matrices to 48% and 83% by 2031, respectively. [85] To attain these objectives, a total investment of BRL 3.2 trillion is planned, of which BRL 2.7 trillion in oil, natural gas, and biofuels, and BRL 528 billion in electricity generation, distribution, and transmission. (...)
[85] EIU (2022), Industry Report – Energy – Brazil, 17 February. The main changes planned in Brazil's energy mix in 2022-31 are reductions in the shares of petroleum products (from 34% to 32%), sugarcane based ethanol biofuels (from 19% to 17%), firewood and charcoal (from 8% to 7%), and coal (from 5% to 4%). Shares will rise for natural gas (from 11% to 14%), renewables (from 8% to 11%), and nuclear power (from 1% to 2%), and hydropower will remain at 13%.

4.72. Brazil has also launched the National Energy Plan 2050, which integrated planning of energy resources by the Government as prepared by the Energy Research Company (EPE) in close collaboration with the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME). The plan lays the basis for the formulation of a strategy to expand the supply of economic and sustainable energy with a view to meeting the evolution of demand, according to a long-term perspective, and by covering electric energy, as well as other energy sources, notably oil, natural gas, and biomass.

4.73. Under the Federal Constitution, Brazil's hydropower sources and mineral resources (including oil and gas), whether in the subsoil, the continental shelf, or in the exclusive economic zone, are the exclusive property of the Union. (...) The Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) implements the general policy for the sector and chairs the National Energy Policy Council (CNPE), which proposes policies and regulations pertaining to hydrocarbons, biofuels, and electricity to the President. Two autonomous regulatory agencies are linked to the MME: the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP), which regulates hydrocarbons and biofuels (except for state level distribution of natural gas); and the National Agency for Electrical Energy (ANEEL), responsible for regulating and overseeing the electricity sector. (...) The Energy Research Company (EPE) supports planning, inter alia, in areas such as electricity, oil, natural gas and its derivatives, coal, renewable energy sources, and energy efficiency.

4.77. The production-sharing regime is aimed at lowering the exploration risk, maximizing the government take from oil production, and achieving a more equal distribution of its proceeds among Brazilians; revenue from production sharing contracts is to finance (...) environmental initiatives. (...)

4.81. Brazil was the eighth-largest producer and the seventh-largest consumer of crude oil, all other petroleum liquids, and biofuels consumer in the world in 2019, consuming 3.14 million barrels/day (b/d). (...)