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4.113. Liechtenstein: As of 2005, independent power producers (IPPs) may sell electricity to any customer. The first IPPs started to enter the market in 2011. There are small-scale hydroelectric power producers besides Liechtensteinische Kraftwerke (LKW), and the contribution of independent solar power producers has been increasing.

4.114. Liechtenstein: The Energy Strategy 2020 was passed in 2012. It included the following goals for the period up to 2020:
• increasing energy efficiency by 20% to stabilize consumption compared to expected consumption without efficiency measures;
• increasing the proportion of domestic renewable energy sources to 20% of total energy requirements; and
• reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% compared to 1990.

4.115. Numerous measures have been implemented and incentives created to use renewable energy sources (e.g. financial subsidies for renewable energy sources like photovoltaic systems, heat pumps, district heating, improved building insulation, and building certificates like MINERGIE A). In addition to state subsidies, the municipalities also made an important contribution through their own measures including subsidies and energy consulting. All municipalities in Liechtenstein are certified by the European Energy Award and set measures to improve the energy efficiency of their own buildings.

4.116. Liechtenstein: The Government designed a new Energy Strategy 2030 & Energy Vision 2050, which was adopted in 2020. Its objective is to increase the share of renewable energies from 8.2% in 2008 to 30% by 2030, through subsidies for improved insulation, sun collectors, photovoltaic systems, and tighter energy standards in construction. Liechtenstein has implemented a new seven year feed in tariff scheme, which ends in December 2022. There is an ongoing study to replace and extend the existing system, with a new goal for photovoltaic, where the Government and the Federal Assembly want to double the installed photovoltaic capacity from 2.5 MW p/a to a minimum of 5.0 MW p/a until 2030.

4.117. Liechtenstein has a CO2 law that directly derived from the Swiss CO2 Law, and which applies the same rates. However, unlike in Switzerland, the revenues of this tax go to the general budget and are not specifically allocated to public health spending.

4.118. In addition to the CO2 Law and the 2012 Law on Emissions Trading, the environmental aspects of Liechtenstein's energy policy are also governed by its commitments under the Paris Agreement. The 2015 initial Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Liechtenstein was a reduction of 40% of its greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. This NDC still stands.

4.135. (...) Switzerland, which is ahead of its neighbours for 5G deployment, considers this 5G technology of paramount importance for the future, as it allows new applications such as (...) smart energy grids, and more generally the management of a green economy.

4.172. Switzerland: On 4 December 2020, the Federal Council issued a new strategy for the financial services sector that is based on three pillars: innovation, interconnection, and sustainability. To achieve these three goals, the strategy defines nine specific areas of action: (...) (viii) increasing transparency for sustainable investment (...)

4.205. (...) In the case of natural hazard insurance, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) also requires its scope of coverage and premium rating to be uniform and binding for all insurers.

4.264. Data on the Swiss European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) multilateral quota show that Switzerland's international fleet of trucks is essentially composed of environmentally efficient vehicles.