Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§144 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Services |
Relevant information
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The sector's 2015-2024 Strategic Plan is aimed at: expanding access to and use of services of an adequate quality and at affordable prices; stimulating competition and sustainability; supporting consumer satisfaction; and, promoting the dissemination of sectoral data and information. (...)
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§192 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
Other measures |
Services |
Relevant information
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Brazil signed the UN Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences in 1975 but has not ratified it yet, as its provisions on rejection of proposals on freight rates put forward by Liner Conferences (article 14, paragraph 6) do not conform with Brazilian law. Brazil is a member of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and has ratified a number of IMO conventions related to maritime safety, prevention of maritime pollution, and civil liability, among others. During the review period, no action was taken to either sign or ratify any other IMO conventions or recent amendments to those that it is already a signatory. Brazil is a party to the Multilateral Agreement on Inland Waterway Transportation through the Paraguay-Parana Rivers, together with Argentina, the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§205 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Services |
Relevant information
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(...) During the review period, Brazil hosted six mega events, i.e. the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio+20), (...)
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§209 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
Loans and financing |
Services |
Relevant information
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In addition to tax incentives available to all business activities (Section 3.3.1), Brazil continued to provide ten tourism-specific financing programmes to cope with the high demand from the mega events hosted during the review period. These programmes, which provide concessional or administered interest rate loans to investors, are: (...) FNO – Financing Programme for the Sustainable Development of the Amazon (Tourism); (...)
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Government TPR |
WT/TPR/G/364 |
G-IV§5 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Trade Policy Framework |
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Relevant information
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The Royal Government and its ministries have elaborated a multi-layered strategic approach designed to meet this challenge. The Rectangular Strategy Phase III and the Strategic Development Plan 2014-18 set out economy-wide development objectives and strategy. These are reinforced and elaborated by sectoral development plans and strategies, for example the Education Strategic Plan, 2014-18; The Financial Sector Development Strategy, 2011-20; the Agricultural Sector Strategic Development Plan, 2014-18; and, most recently, the Industrial Development Policy, 2015-25, which aims to transform Cambodia's industrial structure away from labour intensive activities and toward skill-driven activities. Individual products have also been earmarked for policy action: through its Trade Integration Strategy (CTIS) the Government has identified ten export sectors that will receive priority attention. These are garments; footwear; light manufacturing assembly in special economic zones (SEZ); processed food; fisheries products; milled rice; cassava; rubber; tourism; and high-value silk products. These, in turn, are the object of product strategies, for example the Policy Paper on the Promotion of Paddy Production and Rice Export; Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries 2015-24; the Natural Rubber Development Strategy, 2011-20; and the Tourism Development Strategic Plan, 2012-20. For each of these products the CTIS focused, along with other key competitive issues, on opportunities for producers to move up value chains; opportunities to increase the volume of exports; opportunities to diversify target markets; opportunities to increase backward linkages through linkages to domestic producers (mostly small and medium enterprises); and socio-economic and environmental impacts.
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Government TPR |
WT/TPR/G/364 |
G-IV§54 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Trade Policy Framework |
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The generation master plan drawn up by Cambodia's authorities envisages that in the period ahead peak generation in Phnom Penh will be assured by thermal units; small and medium sized diesel units will provide both base and peak loads in provincial towns and cities. The plan also envisages a major expansion of hydro power, initially through smaller size hydro units, and then through mid and larger size hydro projects. Five additional coal-fired plants are scheduled to come on stream during 2017-21, as well as one hydro generator. During 2021-25, thirteen different hydro projects will come on stream, as well as a major thermal unit.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-Summary§10 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Trade Policy Framework |
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Relevant information
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Cambodia remains largely open to and encourages foreign direct investment (FDI) despite the prohibition of foreign ownership of land and involvement in some activities for health or environmental purposes, as well as local equity or workforce participation requirements, or prior authorization for certain activities (e.g. certain telecommunications services, radio and television broadcasting, and certain tourism services). (...)
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-Summary§14 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Trade Policy Framework |
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Relevant information
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Cambodia prohibits or restricts the import of certain goods on the grounds of: protection of national security; protection of public order and standards of decency and morality; protection of human, animal or plant life or health; protection of national treasures of artistic, historic or archaeological value; conservation of natural resources; compliance with the provisions of any legislation of the Kingdom of Cambodia; and the fulfilment of obligations under the UN Charter. Currently, over 1,500 tariff lines are subject to import prohibition or licensing. Prohibited imports include, inter alia: narcotics; psychotropic substances and their precursors, ODS (except HCFCs), toxic waste and poisonous chemicals, certain pesticides, used computers and spare parts, household waste, right-hand drive vehicles and goods that infringe intellectual property rights. Import licences or permits are required for chemicals, pharmaceuticals and narcotic drugs for medicinal purposes, forestry products, fish and fishery products, live animals, animal products and agricultural materials.
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Natural resources
Conservation
Waste
Ozone
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-Summary§23 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Trade Policy Framework |
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Relevant information
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Despite a major decline due to irrigation and commodity price developments, agriculture, centred on paddy rice production, continues to play an important role in supporting economic growth (accounting for 25.7% of gross value added in 2016). Cambodia's agricultural price competitiveness remains lower than its regional neighbours. During the review period, several plans aimed to transform the sector into one driven by new technologies, mechanization and irrigation to improve the yield rate and diversify activities into high value crops, livestock, and aquaculture in an environmentally sustainable manner. Illegal trade of fisheries and forestry items persists.
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Keywords
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Fish
Forest
Environment
Sustainable
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-Summary§24 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Trade Policy Framework |
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Relevant information
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(...) Forest and fishery management appears to be relatively inefficient. Despite a 1996 log export ban, the cross-border trade continues to grow. Fish and fishery products remain subject to relatively high tariff protection and import quotas; in 2014, the European Union enforced a ban on fish imports from Cambodia due to a perceived lack of action against illegal fishing.
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