Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-Table-IV.4 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
Loans and financing |
Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry |
Relevant information
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Table 4.4 Federal Government agricultural support programmes, 2013-16 (prevailing norms for crop-year 2016/17)
Products/projects Beneficiaries Credit limit Annual interest rate Duration Disbursement (R$ million)
Medium-Scale Agricultural Producer Support Programme (PRONAMP)
Investment in goods and services aimed at increasing productivity and income.
Financeable items: financing and investment. In case of financing, it is also allowed to include funds to small expenses considered as investments (repair and conservation of production assets, installation, acquisition of service animals, deforestation) Gross annual income up to R$1.76 million, at least 80% from agricultural activities Financing: R$1.5 million; investment: R$430,000 Financing (working capital and investment): 8.5%; commercialization: 9.5% Financing: up to 2 years; investment: up to 8 years (3 year grace period) 2013: 13,496.3
2014: 19,044.2
2015: 16,843.6
2016: 19,293.9
(...)
Low Carbon Agriculture Programme (ABC Programme)
Projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (e.g. recovery of pastures, recovery of degraded areas, organic crops, directing planting, integration of crops, cattle production, forest, forest plantation, environmental recuperation, waste treatment, Dendê plantation, and biological nitrogen fixation) Farmers and cooperatives R$2.2 million; up to R$5 million for planted forests 8.5%; producer placed within PRONAMP framework: 8% Up to 15 years 2013: 608.0
2014: 333.3
2015: 413.8
2016: 681.0
Programme for the Modernization of Agriculture and the Conservation of Natural Resources (MODERAGRO)
Projects related to sanitary and/or environmental adaption needs limited to 35% of the amount of the investment in the following activities/crops: apiculture, aquaculture, poultry, chinchilla production, rabbit breeding, floriculture, fruit, palm trees, olive growing, production nuts, horticulture, sheep and goat farming, milk, fishing, frog culture, sericulture and pig farming.
Combat brucellosis and tuberculosis Farmers and cooperatives Farmers: R$880,00 (individual farmer) and 2.64 million (collectively taken); R$220,000 no PNCEBTa limited to R$5,000 per animal 9.5% Up to 10 years (3 year grace period) 2013: 259.3
2014: 357.3
2015: 626.2
2015: 472.6
(...)
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Keywords
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Conservation
Forest
Emissions
Organic
Environment
Waste
Bio
Natural resources
Fish
Green
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§33 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
Loans and financing |
Agriculture |
Relevant information
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According to the OECD, whereas the agricultural credit system is intended to address failures in financial markets, it also creates risks (default) for government and producers, particularly since the macroeconomic situation has deteriorated (Section 1.2.1). The higher availability of funds for loans is potentially creating excess supply. Most of this credit is concentrated on subsidizing short-term borrowing such as working capital and commercialization loans that further distort markets. A reform of the concessional credit system could consider a gradual downsizing of concessional loans for working capital to commercial producers, simplifying regulations and procedures, and re-focusing to support on-farm investments that explicitly incorporate technological innovations and advanced farm management and environmental practices.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§38 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
Other price and market based measures |
Agriculture, Energy |
Relevant information
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(...) Access of family farmers to the biodiesel market continues to be promoted under the Social Fuel Seal initiative (Section 4.2.3.3.2). (...)
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§40 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
Grants and direct payments |
Agriculture |
Relevant information
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Agricultural insurance support continued to be provided to producers through four main programmes, either in the form of insurance premium subsidies covering the difference between a fixed premium and market rates through a discount in the fee to farmers (fixed percentage), or by compensating farmers for production losses due to natural disasters. (...)
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§42 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
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Agriculture, Forestry |
Relevant information
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Agricultural zoning requirements continue to link agricultural support to environmental sustainability. They condition producers' eligibility for concessional credit and subsidized insurance programmes. Compliance with zoning applies to all concessional credit and all insurance premium subsidies for any product covered by the zoning (Section 4.2.4.1). In addition, several specific programmes for both the commercial and family farm segments promote sustainable agricultural practices; they include credit for plantings on unproductive and degraded soils, credit for forest planting, and credit to modernize production systems and preserve natural resources (Section 4.2.4.1).
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Keywords
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Natural resources
Soil
Forest
Environment
Sustainable
Conservation
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§45 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Energy |
Relevant information
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Brazil, a net exporter of crude oil, remains self-sufficient in primary energy (except for natural gas, coal, oil derivatives and hydropower). From January to November 2016 it produced a monthly average of 3.13 million barrels of oil equivalent per day (MMboe/d), up 3.46% compared to the same period in 2015, during which 3.03 MMboe/d were produced. In 2015, the energy matrix produced 286,471 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) (253,174 toe in 2010), which exceeded by 9.9% (about 5% in 2010) its final consumption. The Brazilian energy matrix remains one of the greenest in the world; in 2015, 41.2% (39.4% in 2014) of energy came from renewable sources compared to an average of less than 15% for the rest of the world. In 2015, it consisted of oil and oil derivatives (37.3%), sugarcane (16.9%), natural gas (13.7%), hydropower (11.3%), wood and vegetable coal (8.2%), coal (5.9%), other renewables (4.7%), uranium (1.3%), and other non-renewables (0.6%). Manufacturing and transport are the major energy consumers and represented 32.5% and 32.2% of final consumption respectively.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§46 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
Investment measures |
Energy |
Relevant information
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Brazil's Ten-Year Plan for Energy Expansion 2024 (Plano Decenal de Expansão de Energia 2024) is focused on striking a balance between the economic growth projections and the necessary expansion of energy supply, as well as ensuring energy supply at the appropriate cost and on a technical and environmentally sustainable basis. It also, inter alia, aims at raising the share of renewable sources in the energy and electricity generation matrixes to 45.2% and 86% by 2024 respectively. To attain these objectives, a total investment of R$1.4 trillion is planned, of which 70.6% in oil and natural gas, 26.7% in electricity, and 2.6% in liquid biofuels. Furthermore, in November 2016, an Investment Partnership Programme set the priority areas for action in energy and mining. These priorities involved bidding rounds of blocks of oil and natural gas, electricity distribution concessions, hydropower plants concessions, and operation/management concessions for mining projects with assets owned by the Mineral Resources Research Company (CPRM). The National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) would be in charge of the divestment in the electricity distribution service. These bidding rounds provide opportunities for both public and private (domestic and foreign) companies.
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Keywords
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Energy
Environment
Sustainable
Renewable
Bio
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§47 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Energy |
Relevant information
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Under the Constitution, Brazil's hydropower sources and mineral resources (including oil and gas), whether in the subsoil, the continental shelf, or in the exclusive economic zone, are the exclusive property of the State. The sector remains dominated by state companies (Sections 4.4.3 and 4.4.4). The Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) implements the general policy for the sector and chairs the National Energy Policy Council (CNPE), which proposes policies and regulations pertaining to hydrocarbons, biofuels, and electricity to the President. Policy for the ethanol and sugar industry is also determined by the Inter-Ministerial Council for Sugar and Alcohol (CIMA). Two autonomous regulatory agencies are linked to the MME: the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP), which regulates hydrocarbons and biofuels (except for state-level distribution of natural gas); and the National Agency for Electrical Energy (ANEEL), responsible for regulating and overseeing the electricity sector. In the downstream segment, all activities involving petroleum products, as well as the transportation, processing, storage, liquefaction and re-gasification of natural gas, remain subject to ANP authorization, while importation and exportation are subject to authorization by the MME. Gas transmission pipelines and storage facilities projects must also be, in general, proposed by MME and undergo an auction conducted by ANP. The Energy Research Company (EPE) supports planning, inter alia, in areas such as electricity, oil, and natural gas and its derivatives, coal, renewable energy sources and energy efficiency.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§51 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
Other price and market based measures |
Energy |
Relevant information
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The production-sharing regime is aimed at lowering the exploration risk, maximizing the government take from oil production, and achieving a more equal distribution of its proceeds among Brazilians; revenue from production-sharing contracts is to finance education, poverty reduction, and environmental initiatives. (...)
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§62 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Energy |
Relevant information
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During the review period, Brazil retained its position as the world's second-largest producer and exporter of ethanol as output grew from 23.5 million m3 to 30.2 million m3 and exports slowed down (2012-2014) before rising by 33.6% in 2015. In 2016, the total number of sugar-ethanol mills was estimated at 378 units; PETROBRAS is a shareholder in 11 units which processed about 40 million tons per year of sugarcane during the review period. In the 2012/13 harvest, they produced 1 billion litres of ethanol. In its Strategic Plan 2017–2021, PETROBRAS foresees a regression of its biofuels production. The market share of PETROBRAS in Brazilian ethanol production is quite insignificant. The ethanol fuel industry remained dependent on sugar output, support and pricing developments as well as petrol prices subsidization over recent years (see below and Section 4.2.3.1.3).
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