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[Context:
3.63. The profit tax exemption is initially for a "trigger period" plus three years and a priority period, which depends on the type of industry and amount of investment. The priority period is for a maximum of three years (Table 3.11).]

Table 3.11 Minimum conditions required for the provision of incentives
Fields of investment Requirement for investment
(...)
Production of furniture and fixtures that do not use natural wood (...)
Clean water supplies (...) US$500,000 or more
(...)
Training and educational institutes that provide training for skill development, technology or poly technology that serves industries, agriculture, tourism, infrastructure, environment, engineering, sciences and other services US$4,000,000 or more
(...)

Under the provisions of the Laws, MAFF, through its various General Directorates and Departments, is responsible for animal, plant, and fish health. The General Directorate of Animal Health and Production (GDAHP) is responsible for the inspection of animals and animal products and for issuing the Animal Health Certificate, as required under the OIE animal health code and standards. MAFF/GDAHP issues import permits for animals and animal products based on risk assessment. Furthermore, the new Law on Animal Health and Production of 2016 is designed to "modernize and standardize protocols to protect animal health, human health, and the environment. GDAHP envisages sustainable livestock development by ensuring food security, food safety, and profitable trade and contributing to national socio-economic growth". In this respect, the authorities stated that DGAHP has a fully equipped laboratory under the National Animal Health and Production Research Institute (NAHPRI) with capacity to analyse the quality of veterinary drugs and animal feed, chemical residues, pesticides, growth promoters and other contaminants in animal, meat, and animal products, food-borne pathogens, and diagnosis of livestock diseases including 200 zoonoses. The Law allows MAFF to control both the quality of feed and medicine. However, under the law, vaccinations remain voluntary, but it is expected that MAFF will be more proactive in cracking down on the companies selling products related to veterinary health. The legislation also sets standards for imports of livestock from neighbouring countries, while trying to ensure that Cambodian exports meet regional standards, so as to smooth the transition to regional integration. The Law also provides for specific penalties, such as the suspension of licences and fines, for farmers and abattoirs employing dangerous practices.

Cambodia has a Bio Safety Law of 2007 and Sub-decree No. 58 of 2010 which addresses the implementation of the Biosafety Law. Under the Law and the Sub-decree, the Ministry of Environment is the competent authority to implement the Law. The aims of the Law and the Sub Decree are: (i) to prevent a negative impact on conservation of biological diversity, environment and human health; (ii) to ensure effectiveness of conservation and usage of biodiversity in a sustainable manner; (iii) to promote an awareness of modern bio-technology and to hinder and prevent risks to modified living organisms; and (iv) to protect the environment and human health. As such the Law stipulates that all export of modified living organisms from the Kingdom of Cambodia shall be implemented in accordance with Chapter 4 of the Law on Biosafety. Legal or natural persons that wish to export the modified living organisms permitted by the Law on Biosafety from the Kingdom of Cambodia shall give written notification in advance to the appropriate institutions of the importing country before submitting the application for export permit from the appropriate Cambodian ministry.

The import of living modified organisms (LMOs)/genetically modified organisms (GMOs) into the Kingdom of Cambodia is through the National Steering Committee for LMO/GMOs and Technical Working Group for Risk Assessment consisting of officials from relevant Ministries. The Steering Committee must submit the result of the risk assessment to the Ministry of Environment, which makes the decision to import or not. The Law and the Sub-decree address LMOs and/or GMOs. Cambodia was one of more than 100 countries to sign the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety at the 2000 Convention of Biological Diversity. (...)

Testing and diagnostic capacity in Cambodia continues to be rudimentary and inadequate to meet modern demands. Currently, there are six laboratories with food testing capacity: (...) the MoE (Ministry of Environment) lab centre for biodiversity analysis, (...)

Under its National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) 2014-2018, which implements Phase III of the Rectangular Strategy and succeeded the NSDP 2009-2013 (Section 2.2), Cambodia, inter alia, aims at transforming the sector from one primarily depending on expanded use of available resources and traditional agricultural inputs into one driven by new technologies, mechanization and irrigation for improving the yield rate, and diversifying activities into high value crops, livestock, and aquaculture in an environmentally sustainable manner (Section 2.2). Its action areas include: improvement of productivity, diversification and commercialization; promotion of livestock farming and aquaculture; land reform and clearance of mines; and sustainable management of national resources. (...)

(...) Import licensing procedures apply to live animals and animal products and agricultural materials, forestry products, and fish and fishery products in order to protect human and animal health and the environment, as well as to ensure bio-diversity protection, and protect human health, national safety and security. (...)

(...) The Government sees its role in increasing the sustainable use of fertilizers through extension, quality and safety controls as well as investments in infrastructure rather than as a subsidies provider. (...)

(...) To sustain the growth of rice production, the Government has devised and implemented a programme that uses the sustainable rice cluster (SRC) method, which increased rice cultivation by some 40% over conventional methods, whereas at the same time, it encouraged the use of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) (a less resource-intensive irrigation method) which cut the cost of rice cultivation and delivered yields that are nearly 100% higher than those of conventional methods. (...)

Cambodia's forests remain state-owned and managed. According to FAO data, in 2015 the total forest area of Cambodia constituted 9.45 million hectares covering 53% of the country's total territory, compared to 10.8 million hectares or approximately 60% in 2006. This decrease was mainly due to land conversion to economic land concessions (ELCs) and expansion of agriculture (Sections 2.5, 4.1.2 and 4.1.5.2). Since 2013, 2.6 million hectares of land, 14% of the country, remain allocated to ELCs for agro-industrial plantations, social land and other types of land concessions. The decline in forest area, the implementation of the National Forest Programme 2010-2029 (see below), the shift to alternative sources of energy (including electricity), and export restrictions on roundwood led to a 6% reduction in the production of roundwood and wood fuel in the period 2011-15.