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4.220. (...) The ReFuelEU Aviation proposal would require fuel suppliers to supply aviation fuel containing a minimum share of sustainable aviation fuel on the EU market, (...) A second proposal forms part of the proposed reform of the EU ETS and would increase the ambition for emission reductions in the aviation sector, and implement ICAO's Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation. (...)

4.221. (...) The Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy targets transport by inland waterways and short sea shipping to increase its market share by 50% by 2050, while short sea shipping also plays an important role in efforts to reduce GHG emissions, and initiatives to promote such short sea shipping are in place.

4.222. (...) According to Regulation (EU) 2017/352, rules on the provision of port services apply to bunkering, mooring, collection of ship-generated waste and cargo residues, (...)

4.223. There are no restrictions on market access for maritime transport services in the European Union other than those on domestic cabotage and on the general regulations regarding safety and the environment that apply to all vessels. (...)

4.226. If approved, the proposed reform of the ETD [Energy Taxation Directive] could eliminate the tax exemptions for fuels used for intra-EU waterborne navigation, while the proposed reform of the ETS that forms part of the Fit-for-55 package could phase in, until 2026, the inclusion of emissions from large ships (of 5,000 GT and more) into the system, possibly covering 100% of emissions from intra EU voyages and emissions while at berth [328] , and 50% of emissions from voyages between the European Union and third countries.
[328] JRC Technical Report (2022), Quantifying Emissions in the European Maritime Sector. Viewed at: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC128870/JRC128870_01.pdf. Of the GHG emissions of the maritime sector (of ships exceeding GT of 5,000 either destined to or leaving from an EU port), 7% of emissions occur in ports.

4.239. In January 2023, the 2016 Directive on the security of network and information systems (NIS Directive) was replaced by the NIS 2 Directive. (...) The new Directive also requires medium and large entities from other critical sectors, such as communications or digital services, waste water and waste management, manufacturing of critical products (including medical devices), or public administration, to take enhanced cybersecurity risk management measures, and strengthen existing reporting requirements. (...)

Table A2.1 Involvement in WTO dispute settlement, 2019-22
(...)
Subject: Measures Relating to the Allocation of Contracts for Difference in Low Carbon Energy Generation
Complainant: European Union
Respondent: United Kingdom
Date of request for consultations: 28/03/2022
Status as at 31/12/2022: In consultations
WTO document series: WT/DS612
(...)

Table A2.1 Involvement in WTO dispute settlement, 2019-22
(...)
Subject: Certain Measures Concerning Palm Oil and Oil Palm Crop-based Biofuels
Complainant: Indonesia
Respondent: European Union
Date of request for consultations: 09/12/2019
Status as at 31/12/2022: Panel composed
WTO document series: WT/DS593
(...)

Table A2.1 Involvement in WTO dispute settlement, 2019-22
(...)
Subject: Certain Measures Concerning Palm Oil and Oil Palm Crop-based Biofuels
Complainant: Malaysia
Respondent: European Union
Date of request for consultations: 15/01/2021
Status as at 31/12/2022: Panel composed
WTO document series: WT/DS600
(...)

1.4. EU trade policy stays firmly grounded in universal fundamental rights and values – like promoting ambitious climate change mitigation, protecting the environment and guaranteeing food safety and security as well as the protection and promotion of labour rights. It does so by also actively promoting the mutual supportiveness between EU trade policy and the multilateral governance on such issues in the United Nations and the International Labour Organisation context. (...) EU trade policy therefore is consistent with its wider foreign policy objectives – that are to pursue a policy that benefits society as a whole – and promotes European and universal standards and values alongside core economic interests, putting a greater emphasis on sustainable development, human rights, consumer protection, and responsible and fair trade.