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3.85. (...) The licensing regime for timber, i.e. Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT), remains operational only for Indonesia, although the European Union continues to negotiate additional Voluntary Partnership Agreements with other countries.

Table 3.12 Products subject to import licensing, 2022
(...)
Product: Ozone-depleting substances (ODS) (controlled substances)
Regime: To control prohibited or restricted ODS goods
Automatic/non-automatic: Non-automatic
Legislation: Regulation (EC) 1005/2009
(...)

Table 3.12 Products subject to import licensing, 2022
(...)
Product: Waste shipment
Regime: To control the import of waste and hazardous waste pursuant to the Basel Convention
Automatic/non-automatic: Automatic
Legislation: Regulation (EC) 1013/2006
(...)

Table 3.12 Products subject to import licensing, 2022
(...)
Product: Timber and timber products
Regime: To ensure that only legally harvested timber, and products made thereof, is exported to the European Union from countries operating the FLEGT licensing scheme
Automatic/non-automatic: Automatic
Legislation: Council Regulation 2173/2005; and Commission Regulation (EC) 1024/2008
(...)

Table 3.12 Products subject to import licensing, 2022
(...)
Product: Endangered species (CITES)
Regime: To control imports of endangered species listed in CITES
Automatic/non-automatic: Non-automatic
Legislation: Council Regulation (EC) 338/97; Commission Regulation (EC) 865/2006; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 792/2012; and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1915
(...)

Table 3.12 Products subject to import licensing, 2022
(...)
Product: Bluefin tuna (catch documentation)
Regime: To regulate stocks of bluefin tuna, improve the quality and reliability of statistical data, and prevent, deter, and eliminate illegal fishing
Automatic/non-automatic: Non-automatic
Legislation: Regulation (EU) 640/2010 and Regulation (EU) 2017/2107
(...)

3.91. The inclusion of social and environmental standards in the 2017/18 amendments was a novel development whereby the Commission can take these into account when selecting an appropriate representative country to construct a non-distorted normal value and when calculating an injury margin. The provisions were used, albeit not extensively thus far, during the review period (Table 3.13). This was because other issues were decisive and hence the need to take social and environmental standards into account did not arise, e.g. undertakings refused for other reasons, or data available for only one suitable representative country. The most used provision is the incorporation of the cost of compliance with environmental and labour provisions when establishing the injury margin; thus far, these mostly result from the additional compliance costs with the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS).

Table 3.13 Overview of social and environmental standards use in TDI, 2019-21
(No. of cases, except as otherwise indicated)
(...)
Cost of compliance with environmental agreements and labour conventions incorporated: (2019)1, (2020) 2, (2021) 5
(...)

3.115. The European Union maintains 16 categories of goods where export measures are imposed on a regular basis, mostly maintained due to various international conventions established for conservation or protection reasons. The main development during the period was the imposition of many temporary restraints and surveillance measures, the majority of which were in respect of goods related to the COVID-19 pandemic. There were also amendments of CITES coverage, (...)

3.116. Export restrictions, prohibitions, and licensing requirements mainly impact the chemicals and fishery sectors where numerous international conventions often dictate measures for the protection of human, plant, or animals, e.g. the Montreal Protocol, CITES, and the Rotterdam Convention. The fishery measures are mostly certificates or licences for conservation of fish stocks. All the measures have been in place for many years, and most were notified during the period as quantitative restrictions (Table 3.15).