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3.252.   (...) During the review period, Chile continued to participate in the work of the TRIPS Council and issued several joint communications with other WTO Members. These statements focus, in particular, on matters such as the role of intellectual property in the financing of startups; intellectual property, innovation and microfinancing; women and intellectual property; intellectual property and innovation; intellectual property for investment and financing; and making MSMEs competitive in green tech(...)

3.263.   The following cannot be patented: scientific theories, business plans, and mathematical, surgical, therapeutic or diagnostic methods; plants and animals (except microorganisms) and essentially biological processes for the production of plants and animals (other than microbiological processes); and parts of living beings as encountered in nature and natural biological processes and materials. Protection is not granted if an invention is contrary to public order, security, morality, the health of persons, animals or plants, or the environment.

3.271.   (...) The highest concentrations of patent applications were in the following fields in 2021: pharmaceuticals (30.7%), biotechnology (17.4%), processed organic products (15.3%), (...)

4.2.   (...) In addition, during the review period, the performance of the agricultural sector sustained prolonged adverse effects as a result of recurrent droughts, particularly in 2019. According to a World Bank study, agriculture is the sector that uses the most water in Chile, making water supply and proper water management one of the most important environmental challenges for the country. The study recommends promoting programmes that encourage efficient water use and wholesale modernization of the distribution infrastructure.(...)

4.4.   (...) Chile's main agricultural imports are beef, cereals (mainly maize and wheat) and animal feed and food waste (mainly soybean cake meal).(...)

4.5.   Chile's agricultural policy has not changed in any substantial way since the last review, although greater emphasis has been placed on the development of small- and medium-scale agricultural activity and the sustainability of the sector. According to the Government Programme on Agriculture 2022–26, agricultural policy is organized around eight key areas: (i) rural development, (ii) strengthening family farming, (iii) water and climate emergency, (iv) sustainability, (v) food security and sovereignty, (vi) forestry development, (vii) competitiveness based on innovation, development and technology transfer, and (viii) international cooperation and foreign trade.

4.6.   In December 2020, Chile published its Agrifood Sustainability Strategy 2020–30, which sets objectives in three areas - environmental, social-ethical and economic (...) With this strategy, Chile seeks to contribute to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). (...) In addition, in 2021, Chile presented its Long-Term Climate Strategy, which outlines a roadmap for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.[10] The Strategy takes a cross-cutting approach, with adaptation and/or mitigation objectives for 12 priority sectors, including agriculture and livestock, forestry, fisheries, energy and mining. According to the OECD, in 2018, agriculture and livestock accounted for 10.5% of total greenhouse gases emitted by Chile.[11]
[10] Government of Chile (2021), Estrategia Climática de Largo Plazo de Chile: Camino a la carbono neutralidad y resiliencia a más tardar al 2050.
[11] OECD (2022), "Chile", in Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2022: Reforming Agricultural Policies for Climate Change Mitigation, OECD Publishing, Paris. Viewed at: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/agricultural-policy-monitoring-and-evaluation-2022_7f4542bf-en.

4.7.   The agricultural sector is governed by several laws covering irrigation, food quality and safety, soil reclamation, agricultural insurance and forest protection, among others. (...)

4.21.   (...) This programme[agricultural insurance programme (Agroseguros)] offers four types of insurance: (i) agricultural insurance for crops against climate risks (such as drought, excessive rain or frost), (ii) livestock insurance covering the risk of animal death, (iii) beekeeping insurance, and (iv) forestry insurance against fire and other risks. (...)

4.24.   In December 2022, INDAP[the Agricultural Development Institute] also launched the Programme for the Promotion and Strengthening of the Sustainable Production of Traditional Crops to boost cereal and pulse crops. The programme includes incentives to improve crop yields through the introduction of sustainable agricultural practices and the purchase of improved or certified seeds, as well as offering credit. (...)