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In principle, the import or export of plants, seeds and plant material requires prior authorization and a phytosanitary certificate from the MAEP in order to control the quality and to examine the risk of toxicity for persons, animals and the environment

According to The Fair Competition Act of 2003 (FCA 2003), in deciding on the legality of an action, the competition regulator may take into account any potential benefits arising from it, such as protection of the environment

Export licences or permits from the relevant authorities are required for, inter alia, forestry/wood logs, and wildlife

Exports of seashells species, sea turtles, and sea cucumber are also banned

Plan Protection Act empowers the Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives (MAFC) to control imports and exports of plants and plant products, and otherwise manage plant health risks so as to ensure sustainable plant and environmental protection, increase crop productivity and attain national food security

Table 6.4 Selected WTO activities by topic (including via E-learning), 1995–2013
(end-July)
Topic/Theme: Trade and environment
Number of activities: 9
Number of participants (E-Learning): 24 (15)

Summary of protection of IPRs, 2018
Main legislation Coverage Duration Seclected exclusions and limitations
(...) (...) (...) Non-patentable inventions.

The following, even if they are inventions, cannot be patented:
(...)
inventions that are likely to cause serious environmental harm;
(...)

Table 4.9 Fisheries subsidies, 2011-14
(₩ million)
Item Type 2011 2012 2013 2014
Support for vessel decommissioning

To maintain fleet size at a sustainable level for coastal and offshore fishery resources.
100% grant to coastal fishermen and 80% grant to offshore fishermen.
To be continued provisionally until 2018. Lump sum transfer 37,214 29,795 24,886 20,529
Loan n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Benefit of loana n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
(...)

Table 4.9 Government financial transfers to the fisheries sector, 2009-14
(B '000)
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Marine capture fisheries 158,369 142,002 209,431 216,344 226,897 221,853
Direct payments 3,365 3,112 31,560 3,102 6,739 5,095
Disaster relief payments 3,365 3,112 31,560 3,102 6,739 5,095
Cost-reducing transfers 0 0 0 0 0 0
General services 155,004 138,890 177,871 213,242 220,158 216,758
Management services 23,600 19,929 56,808 96,206 96,206 91,628
Research services 17,476 19,876 15,199 17,918 24,551 12,250
Enforcement services 113,928 99,085 105,864 99,118 99,401 112,880
Cost recovery charges 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aquaculture 773,116 489,675 1,305,667 1,980,000 512,651 659,448
Direct payments 414,843 162,897 965,153 1,683,301 202,293 384,664
Disaster relief payments 414,843 162,897 965,153 1,683,301 202,293 384,664
Cost-reducing transfers 0 0 0 0 0 0
General services 358,273 326,778 340,514 296,699 310,358 274,784
Management, research and enforcement services 358,273 326,778 340,514 296,699 310,358 274,784
Cost recovery charges 0 0 0 0 0 0
Marketing and processing 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 931,485 631,677 1,516,500 2,196,344 739,548 881,300

Table 4.9 Feed-in tariffs for electricity from renewable sources
AMD per kWh
2012 2013 2014 1 Jan 2015 1 Jul 2015 1 Jul 2015 1 Jul 2016 1 Jul 2016 1 Jul 2017 1 Jul 2017 1 Jul 2018 1 Jul 2018
1 Jul 2019
Small hydroelectric
Natural water flows 19.551 20.287 21.061 21.168 23.631 23.753 23.805 23.864
Irrigation systems 13.033 13.523 14.039 14.110 15.751 15.832 15.867 15.906
Natural water pipelines 8.690 9.017 9.361 9.408 10.502 10.556 10.579 10.605
Wind 34.957 35.339 37.007 45.600 42.426 42.645 42.739 42.845
Biomass 37.447 38.856 38.856 40.542 42.426 42.645 42.739 42.485
Solar n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 42.845 42.739 42.645
Note: Tariffs for electricity from renewable energy sources are set by the PSRC for the year ending 30 June, and are reviewed at least annually.
(...)