Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§42 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Energy |
Relevant information
|
Cambodia's energy structure remains simple; fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum products, are imported, while biomass is mostly produced domestically. In 2015, its total primary energy supply rose to 4,761 kilotons of oil equivalent (ktoe), of which biomass accounted for 44%, oil 39%, coal 11%, hydro 3.6% and electricity 3%, compared to 3,554 ktoe in 2011, of which biomass accounted for 51%, oil 44%, electricity 4%, coal 1% and hydro 0.1%. The reduced share of overall energy imports compared with indigenous production implies that Cambodia is becoming less dependent on energy imports (Section 4.2.2.2).
|
Keywords
|
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§43 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Energy |
Relevant information
|
During the review period, the General Department of Energy (GDE) of the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) implemented the Energy Sector Development Plan 2005-2024 which is aimed at: promoting the exploration of energy sources such as hydropower, natural gas, and coal for electricity generation; ensuring stability in electricity supply to facilitate investment and socio economic development; encouraging the efficient use of energy and mitigating the adverse effects on the environment resulting from energy supply and use; encouraging the private sector to invest in energy, including in generation, transmission and distribution; fostering the development of all types of renewable energy such as biomass, biogas, bio-fuel; enhancing the efficiency of energy through the use of energy-saving stoves to reduce the use of fuel, firewood, charcoal; and promoting regional energy trade through bi- and multilateral cooperation. These objectives remain unchanged in the Energy Sector Development Plan 2017-2030. The MME remains in charge of preparing and implementing policies, strategies, rules and regulations for the energy sector; setting standards; maintaining and analysing data on electricity supply/demand and energy resources.
|
Keywords
|
Renewable
Energy
Environment
Bio
Conservation
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§44 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Energy |
Relevant information
|
Cambodia is endowed with an abundance of renewable resources (e.g. hydro, wind, solar, and agricultural residues), which have great potential for power production. The development of renewable energy (RE) is a significant solution to accelerate power sector development and reduce dependence on energy imports. If large-scale hydropower (larger than 10 MW) is excluded, the RE share in Cambodia's total primary energy supply falls to around 1%. Under the Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EE&C) goals submitted to the Fifth East Asia Summit Energy Ministers Meeting, held on 20 September 2011, Cambodia aimed to adopt Final Energy Demand as its Energy Efficiency (EE) Indicator and achieve a 10% reduction from the "business-as-usual" scenario by 2030. The action plan to achieve the EE&C goals covers the usage of energy by industry, transportation, and commercial and residential users, such as the introduction of EE equipment and labelling, as well as the promotion of EE public awareness.
|
Keywords
|
Renewable
Energy
Conservation
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§47 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Energy |
Relevant information
|
Electricity production depends on hydro- and diesel-power plants with some import from Viet Nam, Thailand, and Lao PDR due to seasonal factors and rapidly growing electricity demand. [102] The share of electricity, gas and water of gross valued added rose slightly from 0.5% (2011) to 0.6% (2016) (Table 1.2). In 2015, electricity was generated from: hydropower plants (2,127.82 million kWh); thermal plants using coal (2,159.64 million kWh); diesel powered plants (163.6 million kWh) and plants using wood and other biomass (38.15 million kWh). (...) According to the authorities, as at end of 2016, six hydroelectric and three coal-fired generation plants were in operation representing a total capacity of more than 1,300 MW. According to the World Bank, in 2017 Cambodia ranks 136th out of 190 economies on the ease of getting electricity.
[102] Hydropower generation usually declines during the dry seasons due to the lack of water. Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) (2016), Cambodia National Energy Statistics 2016, September. Viewed at: http://www.eria.org/RPR_FY2015_08.pdf.
|
Keywords
|
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§50 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Energy |
Relevant information
|
Under the NSDP 2014-2018 (Section 2.2), the Government's objective is to generate 10,823 GWh of power and to increase per capita annual power consumption to 544 kWh by 2018. Cambodia plans to provide access to electricity to all villages in the country by 2020 and for 70% of rural households to have access to quality electricity services by 2030. Cambodia's National Power Development Plan 2012-2016 objectives were to reduce the cost of power generation and to increase the electrification rate using the following methods: import cheaper electricity from neighbouring countries; build and bring online large-scale hydroelectric, coal-fired, and biomass power generation facilities; improve the transmission network and inter-regional links; and expand the power distribution network nationwide. This plan is currently being updated. Furthermore, EDC's Master Plan on Power Sector Development 2008-2022 sets the following goals: increase hydropower and coal-fired generation; (...)
|
Keywords
|
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§53 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
Grants and direct payments |
Energy |
Relevant information
|
(...) The REF (Rural Electrification Fund) provides grants to REEs and promotes rural electrification and RE technology through the following programmes: Power to the Poor (P2P), Solar Home Systems (SHS) and the Programme Providing Assistance to Develop Electricity Infrastructure in Rural Areas as well as the Programme for Subsidy Scheme and Providing Electricity for Pumping for Agricultural Irrigation to Reduce the Tariff for Sale of Electricity in Provinces and Cities (see above). As at 2008, the grants programme consisted of: US$45 per new connection; US$100 per SHS of at least 40W; US$400 per kW for mini/micro hydro plants; and US$300 per kW for biomass plants. In the period 2012-17, the REF funding was allocated as follows: 69.8% to grants; 27.3% to interest free loans; and 2.9% to investment participation.
|
Keywords
|
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§63 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
Other price and market based measures |
Services |
Relevant information
|
Cambodia's commitments under the GATS reflect its aim to attract FDI and remained unchanged during the review period. Its Schedule of Specific Commitments covers 94 sub-sectors in (...) environmental services, (...)
|
Keywords
|
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§121 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Services |
Relevant information
|
The main regulatory framework governing the sector, the 2008 Law on Civil Aviation, remains unchanged; its amendment to meet the needs of strengthening flight security and safety, and minimize the impact of air transport services on climate change, has been under consideration since 2011 but no progress has been made so far. (...)
|
Keywords
|
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§138 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Services |
Relevant information
|
(...) Cambodia ranked 101st out of 136 economies on the WEF Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index 2017, in particular its tourist sector infrastructure was ranked 102nd. [293] (...)
[293] The index incorporates such indicators as business environment, safety & security, health & hygiene, human resources & labour markets, ICT readiness, prioritization of travel & tourism, international openness, price competitiveness, environmental sustainability, air transport infrastructure, ground and port infrastructure, tourist service infrastructure, natural resources, cultural resources and business travel. WEF(2017), The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017, Geneva. Viewed at: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TTCR_2017_web_0401.pdf.
|
Keywords
|
Environment
Sustainable
Natural resources
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§140 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Services |
Relevant information
|
(...) Since 2012, Cambodia has implemented a National Eco-Tourism Strategic Policy. To address the growing impact of tourism on climate change, the National Committee on Climate Change elaborated for the MoT a US$2.9 million Climate Change Action Plan in the Tourism Sector (as part of the Climate Change Strategic Plan 2014-2023), which has been implemented since 2013 and is, inter alia, aimed at: reducing vulnerability to climate change; promoting a green development path by using low-carbon technologies; and promoting public awareness and participation. No information on the measures and the related budgetary outlays for implementing the plans discussed in this paragraph was available from the authorities.
|
Keywords
|
|
|