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4.48. The Republic of Moldova's renewable energy market is less developed than those in neighbouring countries and the legal framework still needs to be developed in order to achieve full compliance with the EU acquis. Nevertheless, renewable energy represented 23.8% of energy consumed in the Republic of Moldova in 2019, exceeding an overall target of 17% for 2020 [64]. In 2020, 23.1% of energy supply came from renewable energy and energy from waste (Chart 4.1). According to the authorities, in 2021 the Republic of Moldova had 103.8 MW of installed capacity of solar, biogas, wind, and hydro power (Table 4.5). Renewable energy in the Republic of Moldova produced 116,552 MWh of electricity in 2021 (Table 4.5). [64] The target is set in Law No. 10 of 26 February 2016 on Promotion of Energy Utilization from Renewable Sources. Energy Community (2021), Moldova Annual Implementation Report.

4.49. Government Decision No. 401 of 8 December 2021 on Approving Capacity Limits, Maximum Quotas and Capacity Categories in the field of Electricity from Renewable Sources for the period 2021-2025 is intended to increase installed capacity to 400 MW, with an emphasis on investments in biogas-based co generation (150 MW).

Table 4.5 Renewable energy capacity, 2021
Solar: Installed capacity -9.9 MW, Electricity produced - 7,764 MWh
Biogas: Installed capacity -6.1 MW, Electricity produced - 32,239 MWh
Wind: Installed capacity -87.6 MW, Electricity produced - 76,310 MWh
Hydro (except Costești HPP, 16 MW): Installed capacity -0.2 MW, Electricity produced - 239 MWh

2. (...) Foreign exchange reserves bottomed at USD 14.5 billion in 2018/19 and peaked at USD 24.4 billion in 2020/21 due to a significant improvement in the current account balance, the resumption of the IMF Extended Fun Facility (EFF), continued access to financing from other multilateral agencies and commercial and bilateral creditors, the reissuance of Eurobonds, and the issuance of the country's first ever green bond. (...)

9. The import of certain products is prohibited due to health, safety, security, moral, religious, and environmental reasons. (...)

15. With a view to further improving food safety and applying international standards, the Pakistan Plant Quarantine Rules were updated in 2019. These provide details of goods permitted for import and associated conditions and requirements such a pest risk analysis and import risk analysis. The Rules also provide an updated list of banned or restricted products from territories deemed high risk. Imports of GMOs and LMOs are permitted under specified conditions for research and experimentation purposes. Pakistan applies maximum residue levels/limits (MRLs) to both domestic and imported foodstuff, and these are usually based on Codex standards and regulations.

21. (...) To cover all aspects of sustainable fishing, the Government recently amended the Exclusive Fishery Zone (Regulation of Fishing) Rules, 1990. Most Favoured Nation (MFN) tariffs on fish and fishery products (WTO definition) averaged 13.9% in 2021, up from 10.7% in 2013.

22. (...) The Government had decided to stop building new coal fired power plants to protect the environment; according to the authorities this is not the current policy objective in this area. (...) The high cost of electricity, circular debt, underutilization of power plants, inefficient power generation companies, centralized control of distribution and generation companies, and high transmission and distribution losses persist. (...)

1.22. During the review period, Pakistan's foreign exchange reserves bottomed at USD 14.5 billion in 2018/19 and peaked at USD 24.4 billion in 2020/21 due to (...) and the issuance of the country's first ever green bond of USD 500 million by a state owned hydropower generation entity in May 2021 (Table 1.1) (...)

Table 1.5. Foreign direct investment inflows, 2014/15-2020/21:
(...)
By sector: (...) Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities, percent of total: (2014/15) .., (2015/16) 0.2, (2016/17) 0.7, (2017/18) 0.4, (2018/19) 0.5, (2019/20) 0.1, (2020/21) 0.1
(...)