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Most imported wood products (114 out of the 131 tariff lines in HS chapter 44) face zero tariffs, and the simple average tariff is 1.4%. According to the authorities, 99% of the timber used in Chinese Taipei is imported. Timber and timber products from CITES species may not be imported or exported. There is no requirement to process wood prior to export.

In 2013, in order to activate idle farmlands, the COA launched the Adjusting the Farming System Programme to promote 6 to 10 years of short-term economic forestation. This programme aims to (…) to contribute to carbon sequestration. Financial support is available to farmers and forest owners to help them pay for various kinds of certification fees.

(...) According to official sources, the key challenges facing the sector include (…) offshore and coastal water contamination which has depleted fish stocks; a deterioration in the environment for fish farming; and climate change. To address the challenges of conserving coastal and offshore fisheries resources, the Fisheries Agency (FA) of the COA is promoting the reduction of fishing, fostering habitat cultivation and environmental maintenance, strengthening conservation and management and campaigning for monitoring, control and surveillance of coastal fisheries to ensure the sustainable utilization of fisheries resources. (...)

The objectives for the sector as set out in the New Agricultural Policy (see above) are to pro-actively participate in international fisheries organizations; implement norms for management of fishing vessels; strengthen measures to increase coastal fisheries resources and preserve coastal ecologies in a sustainable manner; improve water supply facilities for areas where aquaculture is concentrated; and strengthen on-site monitoring, testing, and management of the use of pharmaceuticals for fisheries products. Other key objectives are to combat IUU fishing through implementation of legislation and action plans (see below).

Chinese Taipei issued its plan of action to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IPOA-IUU) in 2013 to complement the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 2001 International Plan of Action in this area.

There have been several legislative, institutional and regulatory developments in the fisheries sector over the review period, largely in order to strengthen Chinese Taipei's framework to prevent illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU). This is in part in response to a yellow card warning issued by the European Union in 2015 to Chinese Taipei regarding perceived shortcomings in its regime for preventing illegal fishing. [45] As reported by the OECD, a Five-Year Programme for strengthening international cooperation on combatting IUU fishing began in January 2016, which includes: a reformed legal framework; an international economic and trade strategy; rules for traceability of fish and fisheries products; and new regulations for control and management of coastal and offshore fishing vessels in port and at sea. A plan of control and inspection was set up in 2015 to conduct monitoring, control and surveillance measures on domestic fishing vessels and to ensure their compliance with international regulations and domestic management measures to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing activities. Additional landing declaration requirements and transhipment controls were strengthened. According to official sources, heavy fines or criminal sanctions as main penalties have been introduced, supplemented by other management actions (i.e. revocation of fishing licence, forfeiture of catch, fishing gear and fishing vessel, and a requirement for the violating vessel to stop fishing and return to a designated port within a given time-frame). A 24/7 Fisheries Monitoring Centre has also been established allowing fishermen to receive notices from the COA and minimize the possibility of unintentional violations. The authorities indicated that they are working with the European Union to be released from the yellow card warning.

[45] The EU prohibits fisheries products from entering its market unless they are certified as legally fished. It has a yellow card warning system which indicates that the recipient is at risk of being identified as uncooperative in the fight against illegal fishing. In the case of Chinese Taipei, concerns related to: "serious shortcomings in the fisheries legal framework, a system of sanctions that does not deter IUU fishing, and a lack of effective monitoring, control and surveillance of the long-distance fleet" as well as a concern that it "does not systematically comply with Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) obligations.

According to the authorities, Chinese Taipei follows the catch quotas which are regulated by regional fisheries management organizations. [49] It manages quotas through deep sea fisheries management and e-logbook systems. [50]

[49] These organizations include: the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT); the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC); the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC); and the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT).
[50] As noted by the authorities, once Chinese Taipei receives its catch quotas from the respective organizations it distributes them to registered fishing vessels. Each day, vessels need to log into their e logbook system and transmit their locations and quantity of fish caught to Chinese Taipei's fish monitoring centre. If a vessel is close to filling its quota it receives an alert. The authorities indicated that inspections take place on board and when vessels are being unloaded. Additionally, there is information exchange with overseas counterparts when Chinese Taipei vessels dock in overseas harbours.

Imports of certain fish and fish products (whale shark, puffer fish and ball puffer fish) are prohibited for conservation purposes (Section 3.1.5). (…)

To avoid overfishing, the FA continues to provide grants to fishermen to reduce their fishing capacities. (…) Under the Reward for Closing the Fishing Season programme, owners of fishing vessels with valid fishing licences are eligible for grants if the vessel operates at sea for more than 90 days in a year and is docked in port for at least 120 days in the year. The aim of the scheme is to encourage active fishing vessels not to fish during the low season (Table 4.11).

(…) An export prohibition is in place for pebbles, gravels and stone commonly used for concrete aggregates, road metalling or railway/other ballast (Table A3.4), in order to meet local market demand and, in the long term, to protect inland resources.